For the best project viewing experience, please switch to a desktop device. Some information may not be visible in this view.

OK

Interesting stuff is being added. Stay tuned.

Go to

Project Brief

How might Angelenos move during the 2028 Olympic Season in LA?

PRELUDE

Aligning with LA's Vision

Given the scale of the project, its important to consider the larger picture. I reviewed LA's vision and goals for the 2028 Summer Olympics, and spoke to transportation experts to find out how LA is preparing to host the world's biggest sporting event.

Los Angeles intends to transform the sport through innovation. The games of 2028 will:

Deliver the ultimate personalized experience for the Athletes.

Produce a fresh blend of sport and entertainment to help refresh the Olympic brand worldwide and capture the imagination of youth.

Reignite America's passion for the Olympic Movement for generations to come.

Embrace the principles of Olympic Agenda 2020 through fiscally prudent games that deliver enduring benefits to LA and the Olympic Movement

ECONOMIC GROWTH

social inclusion

SUSTAINABILITY

Financial Burden

Every game in the last 50 years has gone over budget; sometimes leaving host cities in debt.

Economic Activity VS Growth

Though Olympics increase the economic activity in a city, it doesn't always affect positively. E.g. There is increase in employment but jobs may only be temporary.

A Transportation Challenge

Its the biggest opportunity for transportation systems to upgrade and improve operations but its costly and tedious to change infrastructure and technology.

Effect of Olympics

What does hosting the Olympics mean to a city/county? The general trend inferred from many reports reveal a tension between economic opportunity created by the festival and financial burden placed on the host. At its roots, transportation heavily influences the festival's impact on the economy.

Insights from Case Studies

What can we learn from success and failures of previous hosts?

Rio 2016 Olympics

ENTERTAINMENT & BUZZ

Rio showed that entertainment in Olympic venues can excite and attract new fans.

Prioritising hospitality and embracing diversity was Rio's natural strength.

Vancouver 2010 Olympics

STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION

Vancouver saw success because they prioritised user experience over economic growth.

They proved that establishing a common goal and enabling every stakeholder to participate can derive a win-win outcome.

LA1983 Olympics

good mobility
practices

For 16 days, a city with a global reputation for traffic, freeways and smog was transformed into an efficient, accessible and healthy community.

Fixing transportation was the key to transformation.

HOVER TO LEARN MORE

insight & opportunity

Primary Research

Inspired by secondary research, I was curious about the role of community in transforming LA for the Olympics.

To understand the role and importance of community participation in cultivating sustainable mobility practices.

13 participants  |  short interviews

Primary Research

Mindshifts

My hypothesis is that an untapped motivator exists between the 'festival' feeling of hosting Olympics and daily lifestyle practices. Based on several reports and primary interviews, I found that people will experience mindshifts up-till the Olympic festival (graphically depicted).

Olympics Emotion Graph

Though people are excited about olympics, they are anxious about the changes due to its economic impact; especially transportation caused economic impact like increase in traffic.

Current Public Transit User Journey

To further my understanding, I documented the current user journey of 5 infrequent (or) occasional riders and went on ride-alongs with 2 of them. I empathized with their experience and understood how their lifestyle influenced their public transit usability.

infrequent riders

occasional riders

Current User Journey

Pre-trip planning seems to be the root cause of 'dips' in experience as it creates high expectations which are often challenged during the transit journey; by various systemic factors beyond control. Moreover the effort to plan and execute transit trips is simply boring to users.

Insights

As a result of rigid and fast-paced lifestyle, occasional commuters do not want to risk experiencing micro-frictions that can disrupt their schedules.

Though public transit is accessible, people are not able to learn and leverage the system easily.

Highly underrated benefits of public transportation system due to stereotypical perceptions of the services offered.

Many angelenos want to and try to maintain a healthy lifestyle; and desire easy-to-adopt practices.

Opportunity

There is a gap between access to sustainable mobility (like public transit) and awareness about its benefits. How might we bridge this gap and change how LA's public transit services are perceived from the bottom up.

Opportunity Diagram

STRATEGY

Persona

Persona

Who is the ideal user to drive change? Addressing the right user group is critical for public transit innovations.

andreas iniesta   |   32   |   OCCASIONAL RIDER

education/occupation

M.Sc Software Engineering

HABITS

Social Media Evangelist
Night Owl

GOALS

• To be at the forefront of innovation

MOTIVATIONS

• The limitless opportunities enabled by technology
• His well-knit and supportive family

FRUSTRATIONS

• Ignorance of Climate Change across United States.

Design Strategy

The intent behind the design of smart mobility program is to find inspiration from the Olympic culture to cultivate sustainable mobility practices in LA.

The idea is to flip the conventional problem solving approach to public transit problems i.e route performance optimization, and harness the aspirations and desires of its occasional & infrequent users instead.

Design Problem

Design Principles

Based in design thinking, these design principles have been delineated to guide the UI design to achieve desirability, feasibility, and viability. However, brand alignment and identity of LA Metro is not considered for legal reasons.

IA Co-design

Inorder to attract users, the interface architecture has to be desirable and effective; as it relates to the design principles. So I made low-fi prototypes of key features and tested them with few folks. I asked them to stack the screens based on their motivation(s) to use the app.

I would prefer to know the possibility of winning a quest before actually putting the effort to use transit...
I want the quick tap button to be visible easily... ohh.. especially when the train is already there.. I get soo anxious fearing i'd miss it.
The whole point of your app is to enable transit so i guess this comes first...
I think I wanna see my rewards after I take the trip.. cos I do that when I Uber so that'd be nice...Is it like instant reward or you...
I am not interested in monitoring my transit usage but if I can brag about how my medals have paid me with rewards... then maybe..

Transit quests

quick tap

Map

rewards

usage tracker

7pts

6pts

4pts

4pts

3pts

I would prefer to know the possibility of winning a quest before actually putting the effort to use transit...

Transit
quests

7pts

I want the quick tap button to be visible easily... ohh.. especially when the train is already there.. I get soo anxious fearing i'd miss it.

quick tap

6pts

The whole point of your app is to enable transit so i guess this comes first...

map

4pts

I think I wanna see my rewards after I take the trip.. cos I do that when I Uber so that'd be nice...Is it like instant reward or you...

rewards

4pts

I am not interested in monitoring my transit usage but if I can brag about how my medals have paid me with rewards... then maybe..

usage
tracker

3pts

I realised that users needed useful motivations as opposed to mundane processes. The feedback I received re-affirmed my hypothesis that people develop interest in physical activities during fitness festivals like Olympics.

Concept

5 Point Advantage

Destination discounts

ECONOMICAL

active commuter

EFFICIENT TRANSIT

sustainable citizenship

5 Point Advantage

IMMEDIATE

SHORT TERM

MID-TERM

LONG TERM

PERPETUAL

Destination Discounts   |

immediate

Destination discounts are personalized reward options for transit users. These discounts are catered to the user's motivation for opting public transit.

Economical   |

SHORT TERM

Destination discounts are personalized reward options for transit users. These discounts are catered to the user's motivation for opting public transit.

Active Commuter |

mid-term

Every Angeleno can truly live a healthy life style by using Metro-Fit; and have fun commuting across the LA.

Efficient Transit  |

long term

As more commuters realize prior advantages and opt for public transit through Metro-Fit, LA's transportation authority can optimize performance and make transit efficient.

Sustainable Citizenship |

Perpetual

Metro-Fit is the first step towards sustainability. Metro-Fit users will eventually be perceived as sustainable citizens - a status unachieved today.

Feature Architecture

The user interface is designed to prioritise the value proposition over mundane functions.

Transit Challenges

Transit challenges are a set of personalized games inspired by the LA 2028 Olympics. These challenges are designed to achieve three goals

To make the user's transit experience fun, informative and rewarding.

To encourage new riders to adopt transit culture and sustainable mobility practices.

To help users achieve their long term fitness or financial goals.

Metro Fit Tracker

The Metro Fit tracker helps users monitor their transit behaviour, competency and fitness levels. The tracker also informs users about their goal progress.

Destination Discounts

The Metro Fit app promotes LA Metro’s destination discounts program as an incentive to use public transit. Patrons can TAP anywhere and anytime during their transit journey and use LA’s public transit effectively and efficiently.

Story | 2028 LA Metro Experience

Olympics Logo

In order to re-imagine the Peugeot Brand for the American Market, we as a team had to first understand people’s current perception of the brand; and also familiarize with the brand ourselves. I drafted the preliminary interview questions in this process.

BRAND STUDY

CLICK THE BUTTON ABOVE TO KNOW MORE

FRENCHNESS

A high-cultured society that embraces style and sophistication. Historically, French culture was influenced by Celtic and Gallo-Roman cultures as well as the Franks, a Germanic tribe. They embody romance and passion but are also known for fashion, cuisine, art and architecture.

@livescience

HIGH-CULTURE

Peugeot Bench

DUALITY

Giving the Lion its roar! Gilles Vidal
Peugeot Family

HISTORY

Peugeot brothers diversified their facility-run mill by manufacturing saws, coffee grinders, bicycles steel strips for dressmaking and springs for watch-making.

Traditional and Automobile manufacturing separated when Armand Peugeot created 'Automobiles Peugeot', an LLC.

BRAND DNA

Peugeot believes that its brand DNA evokes Excellence, Allure and Emotion.

///UNCOMPROMISING QUALITY

EXCELLENCE

///sharp design

ALLURE

///instinctive experience

EMOTION

///trusted quality

RELIABLE

///frenchness

SUAVE

///LASTING EXPERIENCE

NOSTALGIA

PERCEIVED BRAND DNA

51 Participants

Brand Perception plays a huge role for Peugeot. Primary research revealed that the brand Peugeot lives as an intellectual knowledge in Americans - learned from mass-media. We also found that people are sceptical of the new and unknown but nostalgic of the past; as it relates to the re-entry of Peugeot in America. However, the term “French” holds a special place in the hearts of Americans; and is commonly associated with elegance.

In order understand beyond existing research, we as a team planned and conducted primary research to map attitudes, values and beliefs of our potential consumers. In this process I synthesized insights under SOCIAL and TECHNOLOGY categories which informed our collective views on opportunity space, brand and design strategy.

INSIGHTS & OPPORTUNITY

CLICK THE BUTTON ABOVE TO KNOW MORE

16

42%

51%


Interviews




Millennials




Gen Z

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

What might Americans desire in the next decade and how do they perceive the role of an automobile in the future?

INSIGHTS

Team Collaboration
16 Interviews
(By Full Class)
42% Participants
Millennials
51% Participants
Gen-Z

SOCIAL

• A need for personalization within sharing is emerging; eg. airpods


• Americans often seek ways to escape their reality.

16 Interviews
(By Full Class)
42% Participants
Millennials
51% Participants
Gen-Z

TECHNOLOGICAL

• Some people feel more creative and adventurous because of advances in technology.

16 Interviews
(By Full Class)
42% Participants
Millennials
51% Participants
Gen-Z

ECONOMIC

• ‘Frenchness’ holds a unique value in the hearts of Americans.


• Consumers are sub-consciously traversing between global and local markets.

16 Interviews
(By Full Class)
42% Participants
Millennials
51% Participants
Gen-Z

ECOLOGICAL

• Americans want to feel eco-conscious.


• The idea of being close to nature is often considered as act of support towards sustainability.

16 Interviews
(By Full Class)
42% Participants
Millennials
51% Participants
Gen-Z

POLITICAL

•  Freedom and equality often conflict within the context of mobility i.e. Sometimes people are often fighting for equality and freedom at the same time w.r.t mobility; e.g. space in public transit.

FREEDOM

ME-TIME

ADVENTURE

OPPORTUNITY

There is a fabulous opportunity for Peugeot to emanate its frenchness to create inspiring and tailored mobility experiences, while keeping freedom at its core.

FOR WHOM?

What will happen to adventure seeking post-millennial Americans with upcoming trends? How might we design for them?

UNIQUE DESIGN BRIEF

To design an adventure sport mobility solution for the digitally connected Gen-Z American, for the year 2035 by evoking Peugeot’s DNA shift that aligns more with the American way of life.

BRAND DNA SHIFT

///uncompromisible

PERSEVERENCE

///frenchness

EXOTIC

///EXPERIENCE

LIBERATED

USER PERSONA | 2030

WEEKENDER

NEO PHILIC

HIGH-FLYER

CARPE-DIEMIST

GO-GETTER

COMPASSIONATE

DAVID ANDERSON | 33 | ENTREPRENEUR | LOS ANGELES

KATIE MATTHEW | 31 | PHOTOGRAPHER | PASADENA

His entrepreneurial enthusiasm and love for his ideas!

Living and growing with his child-hood girlfriend, overcoming obstacles together and celebrating life.

To be a successful entrepreneur.

To be physically fit and retain his energy to travel around the world.

MOTIVATIONS

GOALS

The astonishing beauty of the world through her lens.

Living and growing with her child-hood boyfriend, overcoming obstacles together and celebrating life.

To win the international photography award.


To seize each day without regret.

The challenge at the design phase was to think holistic and disruptive. I envisioned the skeletal version of our proposed future ecosystem & business model; and contributed extensively in ideation and the design of the Macro - Meso - Micro level products, services and experience. I also solved various gaps in user experience flows through rapid prototyping, user testing & storyboarding, and as well as gaps in service offering through service ecology mapping.

CONCEPT & STRATEGY

CLICK THE BUTTON ABOVE TO KNOW MORE

CONCEPT

PSA - Play is a reservation and subscription based mobility service designed to offer total exploration, maximum adventure and breathtaking journeys with minimal trip planning effort from users. PSA - Play provides customizable and gamified packages in the form of travel themes to meet the desires of adventure seeking users. Every experience is unique!

THE ECOSYSTEM

Taking an ecosystem approach allows Peugeot to embed into the lives of customers and move away from standardization of automobility.

Macro SystemBusiness Model Canvas

STORY | YOSEMITE TRIP 2030

Storyboard

DIGITAL GATEWAY

The digital gateway is the application through which customers can join the PSA Ecosystem and explore the world effortlessly in a new way. The application also serves as the primary interface through which users can control their overall experience;besides their in-car interface. The app is designed to balance usability andstory; an adventure that is a fusion of reality and fantasy.

Ideation & Feedback

SMARTPHONE

PSA SmartPhone

SMARTWATCH

PSA SmartWatch

CAMPAIGN SELECTION

PSA Play allows users to escape reality in just 5 steps. Its that simple and effortless.

BROWSE . PLAN . PERSONALISE . BUNDLE IT . PLAY

REWARDS HUB

PSA Play ensures that every new adventure is different and mind-blowing. Using technological advancements and cool gadgets, PSA Play rewards its users during and after every journey with fun new features, tech upgrades, points, side-quests, and real world offers.

JOIN THE FAMILY

Besides the PSA Play experience, the application also allows users to join the Peugeot family through its car booking and test drive feature. User's will also be able to personalize their test drive just like the campaign selection process.

BROWSE . PLAN . PERSONALISE . BOOK

PSA Play App
Peugeot 2021
Future of the Bus

Brief

ArtCenter College of Design & LA Metro collaborated to investigate the bus riding experience in LA County; and conceptualize its future. The Transportation Systems & Design department at ArtCenter framed the project as a UX Case Study conducted by 8 students; divided into 3 teams. The goal of this project is to present insight driven proposals and recommendations to LA Metro's NexGen Bus team.

Bus Lines

Overview

Timeline

3 months

Teammates

Ashwin Mohan
Khashayar Afshar
Haichao

My Contribution

Contextual Enquiry
Visual Coding
User Journey Mapping
Storyboarding

My Impact

• Micro Transit strategy.
• Improved Transit Access & Onboarding

Project Site

Project Site

Intermodal & Intramodal

LA Metro RPI

High + Low RPI

Diversity

Los Feliz - East Hollywood is an important and well known district in LA; situated near the famous 'Hollywood' Blvd. Known for its rich cultural diversity, communal lifestyle and nightlife, it embodies the artistic and laid back vibe of LA. Additionally, the region also manifests a unique dynamic between two, often competing, modes of transport - the car and bus; making it a fascinating site to study.

Research Methods

The Human Centered Design research methods allow for deeper contextual understanding and insight which can improve LA Metro's understanding of its bus system; beyond numerical data.
LA Metro

Metro Plans/Visions

Literature Review

Interviews

Benchmarking

Journey Mapping

Visual Coding

KJ Mapping

Benchmarking

An analysis of top-performing transit agencies across the world revealed the marks of good user experience. Findings from this experiential analysis are embedded in the synthesis of insights.

Payment Mode

SEAMLESS
swift

Service

FREQUENCY
RIDERSHIP

Design

identity
HIERARCHY
APPEAL

Supporting Infrastructure

illumination
flow
visibility

Modal integration

LANDSCAPE HIERARCHY
FLOW

Rider Personas

MARY JANE

FREQUENT RIDER
Age:
Gender:
Occupation:
Status:
Location:
65yrs
Female
Florist
Widowed
Little Armenia
Goals

To live independently as long as
possible
Painpoints

• No place to sit at the bus stop
• Its hard reading some info.
• Transfering is not convenient
• Senior Pass not available easily

STUART BOARD

INFREQUENT rIDER
Age:
Gender:
Occupation:
Status:
Location:
59yrs
Male
IT Technician
Divorced
SilverLake
Goals

Reduce his vehicle expenditure
and save up for a new house.
Painpoints

• Changes in bus schedule
• Long rides with transfers
• Filling Tap Card in the station
  is inconvinient.

RANI THOMAS

OCCASIONAL RIDER
Age:
Gender:
Occupation:
Status:
Location:
31yrs
Female
Data Analyst
Married
East Hollywood
Goals

To start her own tech business
Painpoints

• Bus is too expensive; in time
• Buses feel unsafe at night
• Difficult to locate nearest
  bus stop.

User Journey Summary

The journey map below summarizes the emotional journey across different rider types; adapted from primary research. The priority in user experience is 'desirability' and the transfer point seems to offer the least desirable experience.

Insights

Through deep contextual research and synthesis, we identified and captured the diverging cultures of mobility observed in LA; beyond ridership classification. It was clear that the problem is not as simple as creating a better bus experience.
Two Cultures

Waiting

Resilience

Shared Agency

Payment

Operator

Community

Waiting

Resilience

Shared Agency

Payment

Operator

Community

Waiting

Resilience

Shared Agency

Payment

Operator

Community

Waiting

Resilience

Shared Agency

Payment

Operator

Community

Waiting

Resilience

Shared Agency

Payment

Operator

Community

Waiting

Resilience

Shared Agency

Payment

Operator

Community

Waiting

Resilience

Shared Agency

Payment

Operator

Community

Waiting

Waiting

Static Sensitivity

Senses are heightened in a negative way when waiting without feelings of control. It is a lull in the shared agency and a key moment of risk of opting out.

Resilience

Resilience

Heightened bodily Sense

Resilience of frequent riders may be derived directly from their transit experiences and the subsequent building of skills and tactics. The same transit experiences may cause others without built-up resilience to opt out.

Shared Agency

Shared Agency

Public Moving Space

Unique skills and tactics are developed to adapt, which is characterized by simultaneously competing (safety, space) and working together (time). Shared agency requires resilience.

Value

Payment & Value

Personal Value

Value is filtered through a personal lens and is done so at multiple instances, every individual trip. Per-ride fare collection lends itself to constant judgment of value proposition. TAP alone won’t fix value perceptions.

Operator

Bus Operator

Negotiating Roles

Bus operators are a key to positive transit user experiences, but typically perform many more roles than advertised or expected. The potential for underperformance is a risk to shared agency.

Transit Community

Community

Pride

The skills, tactics, and qualities enabled by resilience, shared agency, value perception and the bus operator themself suggest a defacto but interconnected community unique from car culture, and from typical views of LA. But this community is largely not visible and feels unrepresented.

Big Picture Alignment

In order to provide actionable design recommendations, it was important align with LA Metro's 2028 Plan. The proposed concepts were carefully conceived in relation to the goals and vision established by LA Metro
Insights

Insights

LA Metro 2028 Goals

LA Metro Goals

LA Metro 2028 Vision

LA Metro 2028 Vision

Opportunity & Strategy

The LA Metro Bus service and system is in dire need of user experience feedback loop(s). Therefore, as a department, we proposed 5 high-level concepts to demonstrate ways in which feedback loops can be implemented.
Opportunity & Strategy

My Team's Concept

I engaged in the iterative ideation process and co-envisioned user experiences through rapid storyboarding which I further illustrated for presentation. In this process, I connected linked multiple ideas strategically and increased moments of inflection in the user journey.
Sync
Metro Now

Sync

Information & Connectivity

Sync
The Sync concept is based on the idea that decentralizing and disintegrating transit accessibility can reinforce its on-ramps; especially in the first mile segment.

1

Real-time Bus Location

At Home
Providing transit riders and newcomers RTLS of buses when making mobility choices can significantly increase the chances of ticketing.

OTHER USE CASES

2

3

2

Transit Assistant

On the street
Transit riders and newcomers can feel let down after choosing to ride the bus; especially in the first mile segment. Reminding and notifying riders about bus arrival status can reduce anxiety and allow more freedom of movement

OTHER USE CASES

1

3

3

Peripheral Information Boards

At Mall
Learning about bus (and other transit) services only at designated metro stops is not convenient for newcomers and infrequent riders.

4

Seamless Flow

In the Bus
Removing or re-designing touchpoints that potentially stretch user's transit journey can be helpful. e.g: tap card reload.

Metro Now

Flexibility & Scale

Metro Now is based on the idea that better transfer experiences and dynamic routing can keep people on the move; towards their destination.

1

Dynamic Transit

At Transfer Stop

Missed the bus while transfering? Dynamic transit allows riders to overcome the cost of waiting/stalling by providing quick connections to parallel routes heading towards your destination.
Hop into the next dynamic bus and continue your journey on a parallel route. Dynamic buses connect corridors based on vehicle occupancy and destination.

Other Concepts

RIDE NOW, PAY LATER

Value Exchange

BUS STOP MONUMENTS

Identity & Design

YOUR METRO

Community & Pride
LA's Car Culture is dominant in nature:
• Perceived sense of freedom and control
• Aspirational
• Reinforced by built environment

Yet
• Isolated and isolating
• Lacks collectivism and community
• Socially accepted for its faults: traffic, safety


The car survives through reinforced feedback loops as depicted in the diagram.

Waymo's World's Most
Experienced DriverTM

Designing the Identity and Interaction Experience of the Waymo DriverTM

Waymo ACCD

About the
Project

Waymo was born out of the Google self-driving car project in 2009. Since then, Waymo has been on a mission to make it safe and easy for people and things to get where they’re going.

To achieve that mission, Waymo relies on people's trust on its driver technology. However, there were problems in building human machine relationship. We as designers helped Waymo solve communication and interaction issues between people and the Waymo driver.

Timeline

3 months

Teammates

Ashwin Mohan
Nancy Tsai
Joseph Robinson
Ruoyi An

My Contribution

Design Strategy
Experience Architecture
3D Modelling & Simulation

IP Status

Purchased in March 2020 by Waymo LLC*

*The design and development work are under NDA.

What I learned in this project

This project was one of the most insightful learning experiences for me. I played the role of a design strategist and had the opportunity to exercise my range of capabilities in new territories. Using my design & systems thinking approach, I helped solve challenging design problems within the AV space. In this process I learned:

•   to draw insights from today's experiences to inform future AV      interactions
•   about autonomy and its perception; in all sense of the term(s)
•   how to align a multi-disciplinary team's skills and priorities
•   to modify interaction principles to design new mental models
•   to create a collective vision that excites everyone in the team

You can find a short Write Up about this project on Waymo's official blog

WAYMO BLOG
TheRivera

The
Rivera

At Glendale, CA

A place for all people to connect, share, and grow together.

Project Brief

How might LA approach the future of autonomous transportation and what will the ecosystem look like?

Note: This project was done in parallel to a study away project. Hence research predominantly relied on secondary sources and literature.

Concept Overview

BEFORE | AFTER

RESEARCH

STEEP MAPPING OVERVIEW*

What are the key drivers and global trends that might influence the future landscape of Los Angeles County.

STEEP
SOCIAL

Investment in younger population and community interconnectedness.

TECHNICAL

Advancements in UX, AI, and security might allow for new ecosystems.

ECOLOGICAL

Growing movement towards a low carbon, green-energy future.

ECONOMICAL

Increasing impact on United State's global Economic influence, Global warming, and Eco-inequities.

POLITICAL

Profound focus on accountability and public welfare through robustness of policy and regulation.

X-FACTOR

Increasing frequency and impact of natural and man-made disasters.

*as of 2019

Social

DEMOGRAPHIC

The population type in Glendale is predominantly female & the median age is 41; which indicates a mature population. There is a growing trend of declining birth rate and increase in aging population that is observed globally.

inference
A need to invest in younger population & the health of communities is gaining voice.

STREET LIFE

There is a lack of active street life in LA due to its car-cultured setup. Additionally, there is safety and security concern for people due to recent events of gun violence. Events like Ciclavia and Parades are needed to bring life to the streets.

GROWTH & EDUCATION

Studies show a decline in child education enrollment & increasing loneliness. “Single Household” phenomenon is growing and is associated with poor quality of life in LA – i.e unaffordable housing, education, and unemployment. Additionally, the digital world is rewiring social behaviour and interpersonal relationships.

QUALITY OF LIFE & WORK

High taxes, unaffordable housing and poor access to opportunities make LA expensive to live in resulting in performance pressure and a stressed population. On the other hand, the demographic of Glendale is considered educated with lower poverty rate compared to LA and is viewed as less stressful city.

FASHION

LA is a sprawling city known for Hollywood and Entertainment. The energetic vibe of LA exhibits unique fashion trends. In the future, we could see smart fabrics and more technological integration into fashion.

SEGMENTATION

LA seems to be witnessing a gradual shrink of Blue collar workers due to the decreasing need for hands-on labor force. The demographic around the project site is predominantly service class with a hint of creative class.

Technology

PRIVACY & SECURITY

With technology redefining urban planning and mobility, there is a growing concern for privacy and security. The fear of surveillance capitalism and cyberterrorism is prompting questions on the reliability of intelligent systems and smart cities.

MANUFACTURING TECH

Innovation is changing the way industries operate, manufacture and create value. This includes engineering solutions, material technology, and new processes.

Ai & ANALYTICS

Data Analytics & ML fuel most industries today with location based services leading the front. It allows companies to create tailored experiences.

CONNECTED INFRASTRUCTURE

The telecom industry is testing superfast speeds & high quality network technology like 5G, CEVA-XC DSP to set a foundation for autonomous technology to ensure quick access and efficient information transmission.

inference
Issues like security, privacy, and user experience is gaining importance.

Economy

LABOR

Human roles in the context of work have significantly changed since the “Gig Economy”. Most of the blue-collar jobs have been lost to automation and this trend is said to grow while removing the human component at the lower section of industry verticals.

LEADERS

Today, businesses have a different meaning and model; called as experience industry.

BUSINESS

The largest industries in Glendale, CA are Health Care & Social Assistance, Retail Trade, and Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services. he region around the project site is predominantly occupied by service professionals as observed in the map overlay.

inference
The service sector is rapidly growing in LA County, but it seems to worsen cost of living and global warming.

DEVELOPMENT

LA County has been facing housing crisis and high cost of living for more than a decade. Adding to this, many experts believe the possibility of recession in the near future. With the rise of autonomous technology, many people will lose a major income stream or face unemployment.

Ecology

EVIDENCE & EFFECTS

97% of climate scientists agree that climate warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities, and most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position.

inference
Climate Crisis is being taken more seriously by US with the Green New Deal initiative in play.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The Glendale Narrows is an important ecological asset maintained by the city. The locally indigenous Tongva people used the Los Angeles River as a vital resource, and had village sites in the larger Glendale Narrows region.

Political

MONOPOLY

Monopolies have been influencing the leadership of US for many years and nudging public behaviours in certain ways to ensure growth. In the future of digital age and smart cities, the power of data in the hands of monopolies is raising concern.

REGULATION

There is a lack of active street life in LA due to its car-cultured setup. Additionally, there is safety and security concern for people due to recent events of gun violence. Events like Ciclavia and Parades are needed to bring life to the streets.

inference
Policies and governments are being increasingly scrutinized for ignorance, bias, and obsolescence.
FUTURE STUDIES OVERVIEW

In what ways might these systemic drivers interact with eachother? What potential consequences can be foreseen?

Motivation Matrix

The motivation matrix shows the positive and negative consequences resulting from the inter-relationship of the 5 systemic drivers. The purpose of the matrix is to reveal plausible themes and patterns; given the current state of affairs.

Motivation Matrix
synergy 1
MR Fundraising

A connected future could create opportunities to leverage social capital for more thoughtful innovation and practice.

synergy 2
Cobot Lab

A thriving economy with high productivity may be observed if policies take a bottom-up approach i.e strongly supporting local businesses and caliber, and ensuring a sustainable use of technology.

synergy 3
Democratized Tech

The ubiquitous nature of technology can pave way for democratization of technology which will improve the overall literacy in societies.

CAUTION 1
Isolation

A connected future may result in isolation and over sedentary lifestyle resulting in a desensitized society. Additionally, it may cause cognitive decay or performance pressure resulting in a hyper stressed population.

caution 2
Erratic Market

Poor oversight on the economic impact of small businesses may cause erratic market behavior.

CAUTION 3
Resource Extremity

The ubiquitous nature of technology may lead to ‘over-efficiency’ or accelerate consumption leading to resource extremities.

Strategic Foresight

One possible future of LA could be: a redefined socio-economic landscape that has integrated education & employment under the umbrella of social health. However, this requires effective policies and regulation, responsible politics, and an inspiring vision. Emerging ideas like 'Autonomous Urbanism' & 'Embodied Virtuality' could support this future if overseen responsibly.

THEMES & INSIGHTS*

What themes & insights can be drawn from the current discourse on transportation and urban planning?

*as of 2019

CONSUMER ATTITUDES

Consumers are constantly seeking ‘affordable convenience’. With the trend towards increased physical movement of people and goods, new opportunities are emerging that allow the ‘virtual’ transportation as well.  Currently, vehicle ownership or access, especially among low income groups are threatening public transit services but also benefiting them more than an affluent person, for car-use such as uber, medicare, job search etc. Car users often prefer riding alone because they desire solitude but its usually joined to compulsiveness towards social proximity and contact.

SYSTEM RIGIDITY

One of the biggest economic challenge is to accommodate growth and lack of speed and agility can cripple organizations. Therefore, nimble yet cognizant approach needs to be adopted. Similarly, the transport sector cannot afford a fragmented approach and requires a paradigm for the city as a physical and virtual platform for co-creation and collaboration.

INNOVATION

“The challenge for new technology is to find ways to foster a sense of community”(SidewalkLabs). The creators and adopters of new technologies almost never anticipate the far reaching cultural impact of it due to short sighted approaches that infact undercuts the potential social and economic benefits. “It is important to understand that investment decisions made will shape unique patterns of demand” (Sum4All).

TRANSIT ECONOMICS

Since 1990, LA has been trying to restructure the city into a high density, mixed-use housing and commercial development region. Studies show that population growth is far outstripping the growth in transit , thus limiting access to economic and social opportunities. Transit Oriented Development can address these issues effectively. Five key findings may better inform future Mobility related developments.

Standard urban economics say that as distance from CBD increases - land-value decreases but travel cost increase; but access also increases land value.

Improving road connectivity has been shown to increase productivity by reducing travel time but also may induce migration and sprawl and increase job demand.

Increasing transit ridership may make transit healthy but the region demotivated and stressed as the common aspiration for people is freedom, pride and convenience - eg: car

Landuse patterns are proportionate to transit culture. Weak zoning areas also contribute to lack of economic development.

USER EXPERIENCE

Rider acquisition increases if the transportation system is easy to use. It all begins with the experience of choosing an option - Transit will appeal more to new and occasional riders when it holistically addresses the user experience from the moment a person is thinking about how to make the trip to the moment he or she arrives. Studies have found that consumers tend to value capabilities over usability of technology and later find that these packages cause “feature fatigue”.  It is imperative to improve the overall transit experience rather than just performance factors.

EQUITY

The challenges of meeting the mobility needs and expectations of a diverse region are becoming increasingly complex. New Mobility services could lead to more inequity due to inaccessibility factors like infrastructure, language, or develop bias due to lack of data sharing.

The Problem

The current interplay of the 6 themes is not conducive to the desired future state. Therefore, how might we design an ecosystem that can accommodate the tensions between the 6 themes?

STRATEGY & PLANNING

concept definition

What is the role of a Mobility Hub and what are its goals and programmes?

Copyright belongs to UNStudio
“Cities in the future should be interconnected hubs designed according to biomorphic principles” - Sidewalk Labs

Value Proposition

Defining a clear vision, goals and key pillars are crucial, as they inform ideation and design development. The chosen site for this mobility hub is the Bowtie Project Wasteland at Glendale, CA.

SITE ANALYSIS

Mapping accessibility and traffic in chosen site area.

Catchment Area

CATCHMENT AREA

The proposed Mobility Hub is scaled to function as a central hub for Glendale - East Los Angeles Region. The catchment area for this hub is within 2mi radius connecting areas like East-Hollywood, Brand, Griffith Park & Observatory, Silverlake, Cypress Park, Downtown LA, Dodger Stadium.

Vehicle Access Pathway

VEHICULAR ACCESS PATHWAY

Major Blvds and Arterials converge to one point of access to the Hub site. These pathways support multi-modal flow. Automobile infrastructure is well established in the area.

Transit Corridor

TRANSIT CORRIDOR

This map depicts the origin/ destination points of key transit corridors surrounding the Hub. The transit options currently accessible to the Hub are Bus, Micro-transit, Para-transit. Most of the transit access point in this area are accessible by the residents.

Bicycle Pathway

BIKE CONNECTIONS

The catchment area is bike friendly since its predominantly a residential zone with many leisure green scapes.

LandUse

LAND USE

The Hub catchment area is labelled largely as a residential zone with some patches of industrial offices and light industrial setups.

Pedestrian Shed

PEDESTRIAN SHED

The pedestrian shed map displays the level of pedestrian accessibility for the Hub site. In accordance with FTA policy, one-half mile radius is considered as the maximum reach. Limitations such as natural landscape, man-made pathways etc are taken into consideration to map the catchment area.

DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

ideation

Design of the Macro, Meso, and Micro touchpoints.

Macro System

The Macro System explores the design of transportation networks and the built area. It sets context, strategy and scale for other aspects like vehicles, stations, access interfaces, etc.

Meso System

The Meso System explores the design of built structures, spaces and overall ambiance. I've highlighted few key programs and functions of the hub. This sets the framework of the overall hub experience.

Micro System

The Micro System explores all primary access technologies such as transportation nodes, personal interface etc., that are part of hub experience.

Development Workflow

The development workflow presents a snapshot of my process: from ideation to final concept. In the development stage, I focused mainly on the urban planning side of the concept as I gained interest in the field and wanted to learn.

MOBILITY HUB GUIDELINES

Learning the basic theoretical framework, and practical guidelines for designing mobility hubs helped me refine my concept.

NETWORK STUDY

Iteratively explored various routes and transportation networks keeping the 'minimal disruption' principle in mind.

FIELD EXPLORATION

Visited various mobility hubs, transit stations, points of interests, and tourist places to observe and gather references.

AUTOCAD PLOTTING

Drew the plan of the mobility hub as well as the cross-section of key programmes so that its scaled correctly.

3D MODELLING

Modelled and rendered the hub to showcase the final concept.

STORY BOARDING

Created quick storyboards to explain various experiences and features of the hub.

FINAL CONCEPT

Transit Oriented

Co-Working Environment

Bridging Communities

Dedicated TNC Corridors

SuperLoop Services

STORY | THE RIVERA AS A PLACE OF TALENT

CALL TO ACTION

Collaborative Disaster Management Program

Disaster Preparedness & Response

Graduate Design Thesis | Term 7

SU21 | ArtCenter College of Design

ABOUT

This is a Master's Design Thesis that investigates the impact of systemic characteristics on user experience and task requirements. It reflects my interest in learning about and designing user experiences that involve factors beyond the micro context (i.e the conventional notion of solving problems at the interface level) and that takes into consideration - the complex systemic factors. It also reflects my enthusiasm for tackling unexplored and ambiguous problems, and navigating through them to find a thoughtful and human-centered resolution.

WHY?

USA

The 2018 wildfire season was the deadliest and most destructive wildfire season ever recorded in California, with a total burnt area 7,664 km2, the largest according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

IND

In 2019, there were a series of floods that affected over 13 states creating a record as the most deadliest monsoon in the last 25 years killing nearly 2000 people.

EVIDENCE

Disasters happen 3 times more often today, than in the 1970s and 80s
UNFAO(Food & Agri)

Failures in Disaster Management are largely attributed to ineffective disaster management model & leadership.

MY FOCUS

Disaster Management is traditionally viewed from an 'objective' standpoint.

Disaster Management consists of two parts: pre-disaster preparedness and post-disaster management. According to National Standards it is further classified into four distinct yet interconnected phases: prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery (Thévenaz and Resodihardjo, 2010).

Disaster Management Model

My focus is the human experience of disaster management; and its impact on objectives.

Central to Disaster Management are the human and social factors such as

  • Communication
  • Coordination
  • Collaboration
  • Cooperation
Human-centered disaster management model

RESEARCH

What causes a sense of overwhelm in emergency managers and their teams, and how does it impact response mobilization at the onset of disasters?

  • To what extent does institutionalization of disaster management amplify their stress?

17

Virtual
Interviews

84

Literature
Reviews

2

Fly-On
Wall Ex

7+

AA
Reports

THEMES

+macro
+meso
+micro
ThesisWall_CC_Ashwin

Findings documented from various research methods were synthesized using Affinity Mapping. During this process, several themes ranging from individual behavior(left) to systemic behavior(right) emerged .

INSIGHTS

DESIGNED FOR EFFICIENCY
plan & predict  |  command & control
MYTHS & BELIEFS
Disasters are considered external to any system; and there is a need to save people from increasing risk.
Institutional model will prevent unnecessary internal conflicts and maladaptive behaviour.
+micro

TRUST & FAMILIARITY

Between various stakeholders
+meso

CAPACITY

To execute operational plans effectively

UNDERUTILIZATION

Of community resources and capabilities
+macro

DIVERGING FORCES

Hierarchies vs Networks
For in-depth Findings & Insights
EXPAND
+micro

OPERATIONS | PUBLIC

  • Certain populations lack adequate motivation, assistance and awareness to execute preparedness actions like gathering supplies, pre-positioning, staying informed and intelligent about preparedness and response to anticipated disasters/emergencies. Current solutions are too disconnected and cumbersome to activate desired behaviour.
  • Those who have a sense of calling usually have the urgency to prepare; and those have significant social memory w.r.t disasters are resilient and understand the importance of effective preparedness.
INSIGHT
  • Overall community resilience is impacted by individual resilience; which in turn is affected by stress risk perception, personality, attitude and beliefs; and pro-social behaviour.
  • When communities are not empowered with adequate disaster preparedness capabilities – physical, digital, cognitive and psychological, they become vulnerable to disasters; and the ability to rapidly converge towards a collective response is delayed.
+micro

OPERATIONS | PROFESSIONAL

  • Emergency Managers are overwhelmed as they not only have to demonstrate accurate situational awareness and decision making, but also oversee performance /implementation and negotiate protocol flexibility; the need to overthink w.r.t accountability and standard operating procedures is an impediment; applicable to evacuation and capacity building.
INSIGHT
  • A disaster management organization’s culture, norms, established plans, structures and procedures help create and sustain shared situational awareness(about the system state, task, roles and responsibilities). However, overload of these performance shaping factors (personal, structural, informational and objective/task related) can cause coordination failure and reduce the ability to modify and sustain shared situational awareness.
  • The cognitive processes upon which an emergency-response system is dependent, affect the information processing characteristics and behavioural phenomena of the system itself. The ability make effective decisions and coordinate action is not only about coordination but also the real understanding of system dynamics.
+meso

ORGANIZATION

  • The problem in disaster management organizations is weak partnership and poor awareness, familiarity and trust between various stakeholder organizations at the personal level; pre-established in the plan.
  • Disaster Management organizations are constrained by resource centralization and faulty feedback loop at the onset of a disaster.
INSIGHT
  • Familiarity, trust and reliability are fundamental factors for collaboration, cooperation and coordination. Since disaster management organizations are top-down, multi-agency interactions are a challenge due to lack thereof.
+meso

SYSTEMIC

  • Valuable local response groups, traditionally active in recovery & relief are not integrated into preparedness and mobilization plans of formal disaster management organizations; under-utilized resource.
INSIGHT
  • When communities are not integrated into the disaster management system, they become more disconnected at the onset of a disaster as they react based on instinct or deploy action plans based on mental models; that maybe maladaptive overall. This causes operational challenges to responders.
+macro

LEADERSHIP

  • The problem at the leadership level is absence of (or) weakness in vision and style that supports preparedness and mobilization. Current frameworks are procedure centric, hierarchical and predictability oriented. Hence the emergent disaster management system is easily overwhelmed.
  • The way professional stakeholders make sense of the disaster situation is incoherent with other stakeholders (local). The driving command and control philosophy is weak; and misinterpreted by the public especially when there is a question of performance.
INSIGHT
  • When there is lack of mutual cooperation (2-sided cooperation), empathy and coordination (or collaboration) between affected communities and disaster management organizations, response operations and disaster management can prove to be ineffective and signs of continuity can be delayed.
+macro

BELIEFS

  • Command and control approach assumes social chaos, a reduced capacity of individuals and organizations to cope or respond to the incident, and a weak view of civil society.
  • Command & control approach seems to feed on vulnerabilities in communities. The current systems and structures ensure dependence on formal response which inturn impedes community resilience growth and creates moments of acute stress.
INSIGHT
  • The command and control approach advertises and celebrates the act of response, making communities more dependent on it; reinforced by systems like Incident Command, First Response, Task Forces, EWS that are bureaucratic (and sometimes autocratic) in nature.

PROBLEM FRAMING | STAKEHOLDER MAP

existing relationship
necessary relationship (weakly exist)

Since the insights clearly indicated a human centric problem, I employed the stakeholder mapping method to frame the problem with precision. This method helped me identify non-existent and weak relationships that are in fact crucial for effective disaster management. Moreover, the problem clearly aligned with the insights. Then, I identified two opportunities for design intervention.

Interorganizational / multi-level interactions and relationship dynamics are unsupportive for operational capabilities. How might we resolve that?

Ineffective public preparedness due to increasing dependency on and vulnerability because of a fragile disaster management system. How might we resolve that?

PRELIMINARY VALIDATION

Initial validation with key stakeholders confirmed my problem framing & insights. Additionally, I learned that opportunity 1 i.e inter-organizational relationship and interaction, is more desired and feasible.

Experts say that opportunity 2 has been pursued many times by FEMA; but is proving to be highly complicated and impossible.

Community emergent groups donot have a dedicated seat on the table yet.
The public are part of the regional disaster management system, however early warning messaging as been an unsolvable problem.
Deputy Emergency Manager, RO4

OPPORTUNITY

How might we enhance collaboration and collective preparedness for improved disaster management?

STRATEGY

Strategic Process

Inorder to enhance collaboration and collective preparedness, the approach to disaster preparedness phase needed a fundamental shift in perspective.

VALUE SHIFT

DESIGNED FOR EFFICIENCY
plan & predict  |  command & control
DESIGNED FOR ADAPTIVITY
connect & strengthen | sense & respond
MYTHS & BELIEFS
Disasters are considered external to any system; and there is a need to save people from increasing risk.
Institutional model will prevent unnecessary internal conflicts and maladaptive behaviour.
Disasters are  proportionate to  communities' dependence on formal disaster management systems. A culture of collaborative preparedness and collective readiness must be cultivated proactively.
MYTHS & BELIEFS

USER PERSONA

The persona who might pioneer this value shift can be generally described as - someone who is trained to plan for and manage - communication and coordination between multiple organizations.

It is imperative that a solution enhances their current capability and enables them induce a cultural shift in their disaster management system.

USE CASES

To achieve the value shift from the bottom-up, it is important to consider the various opportunities for building relationships and fostering collaboration, when designing the concept. Additionally, I also took into consideration future trends and strategic plans, so as to align with them.

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER AND SUPPORT FUNCTIONS

COMMUNITY RESPONSE TRAINING PROGRAM

PRE-DISASTER PLANNING

POST-DISASTER ANALYSIS

CONCEPT FIT & ALIGNMENT

FEMA
+strategic goal 1

Build a culture of preparedness

+strategic goal 2

Ready the Nation for catastrophic disasters

+strategic goal 3

Reduce the complexity of FEMA

@FEMAstrategicplan2018
NDMA
+strategic goal 1

Mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction

+strategic goal 2

Incorporate social inclusion as cross-cutting principle.

+strategic goal 3

Participate in realizing global goals as per SDGs, Paris Agreement on Climate Change

@NDMAPlan2019

SUCCESS CRITERIA

Based on research and strategy, I have delineated 3 explicit success criteria and 1 implicit success criteria that is directly aimed at the desired value shift.

EXPLICIT CRITERIA:

1. Awareness & Visibility

2. Familiarity

3. Agency


IMPLICIT CRITERIA:

1. Shared Responsibility

Success Criteria

CONCEPT

Call To Action

Collaborative Disaster Management Program

ARCHITECTURE

INFRASTRUCTURE &
GUIDELINES

Go to

DASHBOARD
APPLICATION

Go to

VIRTUAL TABLE-TOP
EXERCISE PLATFORM

human driven, technology enabled

The main component of the Call to Action Program is the Dashboard Application. Hence, it became the focus of my design development stage. However, the concept as a whole consists of all the three components; and demands further equal improvements in design.

CTA Dashboard

FUTURE OPERATING CONTEXT

The call to action program is most effective in the context represented below.

For a detailed future system diagram
EXPAND
Systems Diagram

PROGRAM BREAK-DOWN | MVP

The outcome of this thesis is a MVP of the dashboard application; presented below. The goal was to create a desirable concept with key features, functions and a value proposition.

  • Purpose & Principles
  • Alignment with National Preparedness Goals (NPG)
  • Authorization protocols for access
  • Direct pathways to objectives and policy
  • Integration of Data Channels; and storage.
  • KPI of 4c
    Communication, coordination, collaboration, cooperation
INFRASTRUCTURE & GUIDELINE
DASHBOARD APPLICATION
  • Evaluate KPI's
  • Build Trust, Familiarity & Convergence.
  • Evaluate changes made
  • Possibility for innovative and customized services
VIRTUAL TABLE-TOP
EX. PLATFORM

SHARED PLATFORM

FOR A SHARED MENTAL MODEL

A single platform for all stakeholders (federal officials to community volunteers) to develop a shared picture of their established disaster management system.

NETWORK MAPS

THREE KINDS OF AWARENESS

Being able to view stakeholders involved in disaster management is crucial. Its fundamental to building familiarity, trust and partnership. The dashboard makes this task easy using a modular layout combined with a cascading architecture.

CONFIGURATION

FOR CAPACITY BUILDING

Ability to make objective focused connections can help stakeholders understand and leverage strengths in collaborations. Additionally, the configuration function inherently refines the system by reducing unnecessary nodes.

PROGRAM MANAGER

CREATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR COLLABORATION

Create opportunities to strengthen your disaster management and leverage the power of collaboration and collective action.

CALL TO ACTION

REVIEW AND INITIATE ACTION INSTANTLY

Manage collaborative efforts easily and track which clusters are most effective and valuable in your disaster management. Serve effectively together!

VALIDATION & USER FEEDBACK

FIRST RESPONDER
Many will come online ONLY when a disaster strikes... They'd be like I want relevant information right now... straight away
FIRST RESPONDER
I can see this being very useful for my operations planning chief
VETERAN EMERGENCY MANAGER
The concept helps you prioritize connections; the right connections
VETERAN EMERGENCY MANAGER
If your tool can offer value at the local level... you can use it at any level
EMERGENCY MANAGER
We are working more and more to empower smaller organizations, so I like where this is going, and I think this tool might help us achieve that...
EMERGENCY MANAGER
The more you do this, the more you have you know you know what phone calls to make and what connections to make and, hopefully, you can impart that to other people... I think this is a powerful tool..
EMERGENCY MANAGER
Some participants do not show up traditionally.. even they are part of a platform
VETERAN EMERGENCY MANAGER
How will you deal with competition.. and people who just don't want to collaborate?
EMERGENCY MANAGER
You got an interesting concept... however it could use more refinement on network parameters
COMMUNITY RESPONDER
I can see how this acts as a planning tool, it allows communities to plan, but then they would have to work within...
COMMUNITY RESPONDER
What is your strategy for adoption?
EMERGENCY MANAGER
Looking at this from a strategic standpoint, ESF people can be saying listen in order for us to effectively do our job when we're in a situation we are going to need the following organizations so and so...

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE R&D

  • Further in-depth research on metrics for node interactions and relationships within disaster networks is needed.
  • Robust usability testing needs to be conducted.
  • Adoption strategy for the CTA program is required.
  • Compact Mobile Application for Response is desired by end-users.

This content cannot be viewed in Mobile View. Please switch to a bigger screen ratio.

Open to Work

I'd love to hear from you!

Ask me questions, give feedback, recommend a book, or just say hi.

Fields marked with an asterisk (*) are required.

By clicking submit, you authorize the website owner to store the information provided above.

Thank you for reaching out! I've received your message
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.