Realtime Vehicle Occupancy

Catching violations has never been easier for parking authorities

The Business Problem

Automotus is unable to reduce time to revenue due to an unsustainable deployment model

Automotus is a gov-tech company that works with city parking and transportation authorities to implement smart loading zones. However, due to strict curb regulations, scaling the product is challenging, requiring a strategic GTM bridge.

A graph showing the business problem faced by Automotus
Time to revenue
The Brief

Identify a low-lift opportunity and design an intervention to reduce customer acquisition cost (CAC)

Timeline

8 Weeks

My Role

  • Research & Synthesis
  • Conceptualization
  • Desirability Testing
  • Strategy & Scoping
  • Design Development
  • Feasibility SignOff
  • Pixel Craft
  • Documentation
  • HandOff

Resource

  • 1 Product Designer
  • 1 Frontend Dev
  • 2 Backend Engineers
  • Product Manager
  • Customer Success Team
Insight & Opportunity

Research revealed that parking authorities direly need low cost solutions that optimize loading zone enforcement

Through user research and synthesis, I found several pain points and opportunity spaces; notably within enforcement. For instance, drive-by enforcement is highly ineffective due to the 'catch me if you can' effect.

An image of parking enforcer chalking a vehicle
Current enforcement mechanism
The Solution

Provide real-time parking visibility and boost enforcement efficiency through violation detection

Realtime vehicle occupancy (RTO) feature is designed to make zone activity visible and actionable while highlighting the need for long term policy changes favoring smart curb management.

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Realtime Vehicle Occupancy feature
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Efficient operations & better policies
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COMMUNICATE
Design Breakdown

Streamlining enforcement workflow with RTO

The Impact

Significant reduction in CAC while increasing operational efficiency for the clients

This feature was launched in Q3, 2024 across 3 cities and reduced CAC significantly while increasing operational efficiency for parking authorities by an average of 35%.

This is going to save us alot on patrol costs

- Pittsburgh enforcement officer
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Background & Why

The green initiative agenda calls for better curb management. But, cities are struggling to shift

Smart curb management solutions reduce emissions, increase safety, and economic efficiency for cities. However, cities take alot of time to adopt new technologies due to their institutional operating procedures.

Congestion metric indicating 36% increase if BAUEmissions metric indicating 32% increase if BAU
source: Automotus
Research & Synthesis

Uncovering obstacles through UX research

Interviewed parking authorities to understand operational challenges and obstacles deterring smart curb management solutions.

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Key Insight

Since current operational costs are not offsetted by revenue due to ineffective enforcement mechanisms, parking authorities are unable to adopt innovative solutions

Research summary showcasing insights and current workflow
Current workflow & Insights
Opportunities

HMW enable parking authorities to increase operational efficiency?

Upon visualizing the current workflows of parking authorities, we identified areas for improvement and opportunities for intervention. Several solutions were proposed and tested for desirability using wireframes and mock-ups. One idea was to provide visibility into the curb and boost enforcement efficiency through realtime violation detection.

  • Real Time Occupancy
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    Efficacy
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    Feature Desirability
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    Dev Effort
  • Policy Manager
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    Efficacy
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    Feature Desirability
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    Dev Effort
  • Enforcement Director
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    Efficacy
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    Feature Desirability
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    Dev Effort
  • RTO for drivers
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    Efficacy
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    Feature Desirability
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Other 3 potential solutions cannot be shared due to confidentiality
Ideation

Conceptualizing high-level workflows

Figjam boards showing workflow concepts
Ideation

Prototype-Test-Learn

Speed is very important in a startup environment. Our approach needed to be agile while involving users in the design process

Tested with 3 cities
Ideation

Key Feedback

visibility
Prioritize Glanceability

Make glanceable information rich and relevant to the context

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Design for Action

Elements must be intuitive and discovered information must be actionable

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Interoperability is critical

Data must be easily sharable with related external systems

Ideation

Discovered Challenge

The Constraint

How might we overcome ML accuracy limitions through design?

There are trade-offs when setting accuracy threshold for real time information display. False events are un avoidable even with pareto optimal ML performance.

A grid showing various cv detection outputs
Edge Cases

Vehicle Occlusion—in optimal settings; large vehicles can hide other vehicles

Displaying real time data requires information to be both: accurate and certain. Abstract information can lead to problems and bad user experience.

An image showing a situation where larger vehicles are blocking smaller vehicles
Whiteboarding

Identifying patterns to determine a scalable solution

Since streets are constantly evolving, many edge cases can arise. Hence a scalable solution is required.

A figjam board showing all the edge cases
The Fix

Shifting from one-size-fits all score to state-based accuracy score

Teamed up with CV engineers to breakdown CV/ML pipeline and identify ways to resolve data population issue. Co-developed a functional accuracy framework based on the notion of "one size does NOT fit all"

A table showing accuracy threshold modifications for RTO
Design Implication

Nuanced map markers

Due to accuracy limitation, typical map marker definitions used in such features needed to be modified. Furthermore, an additional marker state was introduced to accommodate all identified edge cases.

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Transparent and responsible determination of events
Violation Event
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Occupancy Event
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Product Definition

Aligning with user roles and stories

While RTO feature was highly desired, it was unclear who'd benefit from it the most since enforcement managers, parking enforcers, and operations analysts, all worked closely with each other.

user persona
Jobs-to-be-done framework
Design Strategy

Redefined enforcement workflow

Collaborated with PM to define P0s and P1s

Proposed Workflow
Finalized workflow & P0s
Delineated long-term workflow to inform feature roadmap

Proposed a long-term ideal workflow to PM to inform product road-map

Collaborated with PM & Engineering to set sub-feature priorities

Discussed priorities with PM + engineering and gathered buy-in on MVP PRD

Design Development

Optimizing for situational awareness

Maximize glanceability through layout

Designing a layout that maximizes glanceability and allows the user to develop an accurate understanding of the system's status, current activity, and metrics is crucial for meeting user goals.

RTO States
Colors and states must match affordance

To help users focus on the right information, colors, states, and information hierarchy is vital. Next, the information must be useful and acted upon - requiring the need for proven interaction patterns.

RTO Interaction
Functionality & Efficiency

User goals is kept that center of RTOs design. Each information and interaction must be relevant and simple.

System status transparency

Knowing the status of the system at given time is imperative to main situational awareness and operational efficiency.

Documentation

Hand-off preparation

Annotations

The designs predominantly used components from our MUI design system. Additionally, annotations and callouts were added to aid engineers.

Design System contribution

Due to the nature of this feature, only one new component was created - map markers.

Design documentation of RTO
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